Anal Fissure - small tear within the anal canal, may cause pain/bleeding

Barrett's Oesophagus - altered lining to lower oesophagus due to acid reflux, may give rise to oesophageal cancer

Bile - a yellowish or greenish fluid produced in the liver, concentrated and stored in the gallbladder and passed into the duodenum, where it aids digestion

Colon - the large intestine, extending from the caecum to the rectum. May sometimes become inflamed (colitis)

Diverticular Disease - small bulges or pockets in the large bowel. May sometimes become inflamed (diverticulitis)

Gastritis - inflammation of the stomach often caused by infection with Helicobacter or medications (Aspirin or NSAIDs)

Haemorrhoids - enlarged blood vessels at ano-rectal junction which may bleed or become painful

Ileum - the third and last part of the small intestine

Jaundice - yellowish discolouration of the skin associated with excess bile pigments in the blood (usually due to liver or biliary disease)

Jejunum - the second part of the small intestine

Low Residue Diet - a list of recommended foods and foods to avoid as preparation for colonoscopy. Click here for details

Polyp - a small growth from the lining of the stomach or bowel which can sometimes be a risk for cancer

Small Intestine - approximately 3 metres long in the adult, consisting of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum, extending from the stomach to the large intestine

Sphincter - a ring-like muscle that constricts a passage and controls flow of material into a natural opening, similar to a gate, e.g. lower oesophageal sphincter

Tumour - mass of abnormal tissue, may be benign or malignant (cancer)

Ulcer - open sore on surface of stomach or bowel